A growing interest in cognition in aging has been observed both due to the epidemiologic factor of increase in the world population´s lifespan, as well as due to the cognitive changes behavioral and biologically detected in this population. Being the most complex of language components and fundamental in social interaction, discourse production and comprehension are among the most scarcely cognitive functions explored in this context so far. This review aims to present and discuss discourse processing in healthy aging in the light of theoretical, behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. Cognitive and neurobiological models are reviewed, such as the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults (HAROLD) Model and the Posterior-Anterior Shift in Aging (PASA) Model. Among the neuropsycholinguistic research developed to characterize discourse processing in aging individuals, which has contributed for the prevention and treatment of language impairments and for the maintenance of communicative competence in aging, studies developed on behavioral data about the relation between discourse and working memory, attention and some executive components are discussed in the article. Regarding neuroimaging data, very few studies including cognitive tasks with discourse stimuli were found. Such studies suggest that discourse processing requires not only the participation of both brain hemispheres, but also a more prominent activation of frontal regions. Considering the great complexity and usefulness of discourse in elderly adults’ daily communication, and the emergence of cognitive deficits related to aging in complex information processing, the necessity of further behavioral and neuroimaging studies including discourse processing tasks to be compared to tasks involving executive, attentional and/or mnemonic demands becomes evident.