Cortical thickness changes can be related with neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative processes. Previous studies have been conducted in order to characterize the pattern of cortical thickness changes in several psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of cortical thickness with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of patients with bipolar disorder. In the present study, a group of 27 patients with bipolar disorder (14 men, 36.0±16.2years; 13 female, 41.6±10.7years) and 40 healthy controls (16 men, aged 36.0±10.5 years; 24 women, aged 37.0±4.7years) underwent MR imaging at 3T. Sagittal T1-MPRAGE images were acquired (1.33mm3 voxel size, 128 slices; matrix 256x256; flip angle 7º; TR/TE/TI= 2.53s/3.39ms/1.1s). Cortical segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer 4.0.5. Results indicated a thinning as well as thickening of the cerebral cortex in patients with bipolar disorder when compared to controls, depending on the gender. There was a significant (p